Urbanization and Winter Precipitation: A Case Study Analysis of Land Surface Sensitivity

Urban modification of precipitation regimes is well documented in the urban climate literature. Studies investigating urbanization and non-convective precipitation, specifically winter are limited. The theoretical framework here argues that collective influence extends beyond traditional city limits surrounding rural areas can impact regional non-adjacent cities. This paper utilizes weather research forecasting model (WRF-ARW) to simulate a cold-season synoptic system over Northeastern United States variety land surface scenarios. case study centers on potential boundary layer heat island effect lower troposphere its ability type at local scales. Results show significant reduction temperatures near modified subtle reductions adjacent areas. When wind speeds less than 5 ms−1, increases air order 3–4 °C altitudes up 925 mb. combined with encroaching warm 850 mb during transitional events, thickness melting consequently exposes falling hydrometeors longer duration phase change. Model simulations also connections through remote temperature relative humidity changes removed from reforested